The coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment. Flocculation and sedimentation are widely employed in the purification of drinking water as well as in sewage treatment, storm water treatment and treatment of industrial wastewater streams. We are accustomed to classified in three categories the water compounds. It is evident that natural polymers either excreted by microorganisms or exposed at the surface of the microbial cells are responsible for enabling the bioflocculation.
Its a preference in the primary purification its a preference in the primary purification processes due to its simplicity. All waters, especially surface waters, contain both dissolved and suspended particles. Flocculation water treatment plants,wastewater treatment. Flocculation and sedimentation are widely employed in the purification of drinking water as well as in sewage treatment, stormwater treatment and treatment of. Primary and secondary treatment essay 12 words 6 pages chapter3 3. The coagulationflocculation processes facilitate the removal of ss and colloidal particles. Treatment of domestic waste water using natural flocculants narmadha d1 and mary selvam kavitha v j1 research paper wastewater generated from wastewater treatment. Furthermore, coagulation, which is considered here to involve the chemical destabilization of particulates and the physical transport of these destabilized particles to form larger aggregates, is an essential component of all wastewater treatment systems. Coagulation and flocculation are essential processes in a number of diverse disciplines, including biochemistry, cheese manufacturing, rubber manufacturing, and in water and wastewater treatment.
Flocculation or floculation is a significant process widely utilized in water treatment operations, including purification of drinking water, sewage water treatment, storm water treatment and. Coagulationflocculation process for produced water treatment. Refining, petrochemicals and gas processing techniques. Instead of cleaning water and releasing it back into. Consequently, effective treatment of wastewater requires effective solidliquid separation. Introduction why need coagulation flocculation in wastewater treatment. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment third edition start download portable document format pdf and ebooks electronic books free online rating news 20162017 is books that can provide inspiration, insight, knowledge to the reader. However, poor treatment of wastewater might have a high negative impact on. Research article improving the efficiency of a coagulation. Coagulation and flocculation practices are essential pretreatments for many water purification systems in conventional coagulationflocculationsedimentation, a. Groundwater and surface water contain both dissolved and suspended particles. Removal of colloidal substances from water potable water requirements health, aesthetics. Whether youve loved the book or not, if you give your honest and detailed thoughts then people will find new books that are right for them.
With an emphasis on water and wastewater treatment hardcover january 1, 1980 by john bratby author see all formats and editions hide other formats and. Its a preference in the primary purification its a preference in the primary purification processes due to its simplicity operation, efficient and cheap. For example, in water treatment practice the required coagulant dose generally falls within the range 28 mgl1 as metal ion. Generally, we can categories the common type of coagulant into two groups, aluminium base and iron base. Precipitation combined with sedimentation, and or flocculation and filtration is becoming the most widely selected means for heavy metals. Written by aos treatment solutions on april 3, 2018. Mathematics manual for water and wastewater treatment plant operators three volume set crc press book to properly operate a waterworks or wastewater treatment plant and to pass. We used different types of coagulants in coagulation water treatment process. Electrocoagulation water treatment process electrocoagulation ec technology is based upon a process generally referred at as adsorption and coprecipitation.
Coagulation and flocculation are essential processes in various disciplines. Coagulationflocculation process for produced water. Coagulation and flocculation practices are essential pretreatments for many water purification systems in conventional coagulation flocculation sedimentation, a coagulant is added to the source water to create an attraction among the suspended particles. A water recycling system using electocoagulation could also be implemented at a municipal wastewater treatment facility.
The water produced by the oil and gas industry is majorly wastewater stream that consists of dissolved and dispersed oil with high salinity. A very important step in water and in wastewater treatment is the coagulationflocculation process, which is widely used, due to its simplicity and costeffectiveness. Although the terms coagulation and flocculation are often used interchangeably, or the single term flocculation is used to describe both. For particles of nm, longer sedimentation times are expected. Flocculation or floculation is a significant process widely utilized in water treatment operations, including purification of drinking water, sewage water treatment, storm water treatment and treatment of various other industrial wastewater streams. The primary purpose of the coagulation and flocculation is to destabilize the charged colloidal particles in water and make them to settle so as to remove turbidity from the water. In addition to removing turbidity from the water, coagulation and flocculation process removes many bacteria which are suspended in the water and can be used to.
Flocculation and sedimentation water treatment veolia. Colloid particles are removed from water via coagulation and flocculation processes 5. Coagulation and flocculation water treatment waste water. The wastewater generated by textile industry includes cleaning wastewater, process wastewater, noncontact cooling wastewater, and storm water. Coagulation and flocculation processes are used to separate the suspended solids portion from the water. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment is a readable and useful resource for the water scientist and engineer. A very important step in water and in wastewater treatment is the coagulation flocculation process, which is widely used, due to its simplicity and costeffectiveness. Furthermore, coagulation, which is considered here to involve the chemical destabilization of. Many people are probably familiar with the general concept of coagulation from the wellknown chemically caused clotting of blood when exposed to air. The most widely used coagulants in water treatment are aluminum sulfate and iron salts. Introduction to coagulation, flocculation and clarification.
This study involves expansion of coagulation objectives from turbidity removal to include cod, tss and tp removal from abattoir waste waters. Iron and aluminium salts are the most widely used coagulants but salts of other metals such as titanium and zirconium have been found to be highly effective as well. Invaluble for water scientists, engineers and students of this field. Nov 29, 2018 flocculation is not limited to colloids destabilized by coagulant chemicals and polymers. Material for this article was largely taken from reference 1. In wastewater treatment operations, the processes of coagulation and flocculation are employed to separate suspended solids from water. Because of its success in meeting requirements for discharge of treated wastewater, metals precipitation is recognized as a proven process for use in remedial activities such as ground water treatment. The electrocoagulation water treatment solution offers an alternative to the use of metal salts or polymers and polyelectrolyte additives for breaking stable emulsions and suspensions in. The coagulation flocculation process can be used as a preliminary or intermediary step between other water or wastewater treatment processes like filtration and sedimentation. The precipitation of colloids and ions are held in the solution by electrical charges. The electrocoagulation water treatment solution offers an alternative to the use of metal salts or polymers and polyelectrolyte additives for breaking stable emulsions and. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater. Earthen jars used to store water it is good to keep water in copper vessels, to expose it to sunlight and. Therefore, special attention is needed on the treatment and disposal of laundry wastewater.
In water treatment, coagulation flocculation involves the addition of compounds that promote. Buy coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater. The coagulation using polyaluminium chloride pac and ferrous sulfate feso 4 was beneficial to. Ene 806 project report 2 coagulation and flocculation.
Aim of this study was to test the efficiency of chemical coagulation and flocculation process in laundry wastewater in order to render the waste suitable for its disposal at the. The process of consolidation of colloidal particles by neutralizing the charges with a coagulant, so that they can remove from the treated water by sedimentation or filtration is. Most water treatment practices including coagulation, flocculation and clarification, date back hundreds and in some cases thousands of years. Coagulationflocculation processes in waterwastewater. Mathematics manual for water and wastewater treatment. Safe drinking water is essential coagulationflocculation. Since each water from different source will have its own material content, people always try to find the optimal dosage of coagulant according to both economic and efficient aspects.
The principal factors affecting the coagulation and flocculation of water or wastewater are. Advanced treatment of laundry wastewater with coagulation and. These criteria and procedures in respect of water treatment are being published by the agency in a number of. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment provides a comprehensive account of coagulation and flocculation techniques and technologies in a single volume covering theoretical principles to practical applications thoroughly revised and updated this new edition has been progressively modified and increased in scope to cater for the requirements of practitioners involved. It is a convenient reference handbook providing numerous examples and appended information and it is a vital text for course material for undergraduate and postgraduate students. Coagulation water treatment process hard and soft water. The water produced by the oil and gas industry is majorly wastewater stream that consists of dissolved and dispersed oil with high salinity levels. What is coagulation and flocculation in wastewater treatment. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment third edition name author. Coagulation is the destabilization of colloidal particles brought about by the addition of a chemical reagent called as coagulant. Coagulation and flocculation are an essential part of drinking water treatment as well as wastewater treatment. Jan 23, 2018 introduction why need coagulation flocculation in wastewater treatment. Coagulation and flocculation process fundamentals 1. Coagulation, flocculation and clarification of drinking water.
Besides, guibal and roussy 6, pointed that the coagulation and the flocculation. Invaluble for water scientists, engineers and students of this field, coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment is a convenient reference handbook in the form of numerous examples and appended information. Because of its success in meeting requirements for discharge of treated wastewater, metals precipitation is recognized as a proven process for use in remedial activities such as ground. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment. Mar 04, 2017 it is a vital part for drinking water and wastewater treatment. Flocculation is not limited to colloids destabilized by coagulant chemicals and polymers. Coagulationflocculation process in the treatment of abattoir. Coagulationflocculation process in the treatment of.
Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment 3rd edition details this book provides a comprehensive account of coagulation and flocculation techniques and technologies in a single volume covering theoretical principles to practical applications. In water treatment, coagulation flocculation involves the addition of compounds that promote the clumping of fines into larger floc so that they can be more easily separated from the water. A shocking approach to wastewater treatment water online. Flotation pay is used in place of sedimentation, primarily for treating industrial waste waters containing. Coagulation and flocculation are used to separate the suspended solids portion from the water. Advanced treatment of laundry wastewater with coagulation. Water treatment plant waste sludge disposal is dealt with in considerable detail, in an appendix devoted to this subject. Suspended particles vary in source, charge, particle size, shape, and density. Coagulation and flocculation process fundamentals 1 coagulation and flocculation. Apr 03, 2018 what is coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment. Application of organic coagulants in water and wastewater treatment. The amount of water used varies widely in this industry, depending on the specific processes operated at the mill, the equipment used, and the prevailing philosophy of water use.
Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater treatment provides a comprehensive account of coagulation and flocculation techniques and technologies in a single volume covering theoretical principles to practical applications thoroughly revised and updated this new edition has been progressively modified and increased in scope to cater for. Although the terms coagulation and flocculation are. One of the challenges for any water or municipal wastewater treatment plant is being able to remove the vast majority of waste particles from the water, quickly and efficiently. Typical treatment processes consist of grates, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, granular filtration and disinfection.
With an emphasis on water and wastewater treatment hardcover january 1, 1980 by john bratby author. Removal of colloidal substances from water potable water requirements health, aesthetics, economic colloids size of colloids light waves brownian motion stability of colloids 1232018 3 4. Aggregation of microorganisms is common in biological wastewater treatment plants. In the introductory chapter of this book it was shown that the substances in water and wastewater treatment to which the coagulationflocculation process is. Pdf waste water treatment by coagulation and flocculation. Coagulation and flocculation water treatment waste. Ballast flocculation for water treatment columbus et al 2006, charles d. The major active ingredients of laundry wastewater are the surfactants. The coagulation flocculation process has been found to be cost effective, easy to operate and is an energysaving treatment alternative 10.